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Rolando Toro Araneda, founder of the Biodanza System
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Summary of the Theory of Biodanza: Definition, Theoretical Model, Vital Unconscious, Biocentric Principle and
Vivencia
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Research Links: Miscellaneous, Encyclopedia, Quotations, Online Books, Anthropology, Biology, History,
Mathematics, Philosophy, Physics, Psychology, Religion
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Albert Einstein: theoretical physicist who is widely regarded as the greatest scientist of the 20th century
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Albert Hofmann: prominent Swiss scientist and best known as the discoverer of LSD
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Albert Schweitzer: theologian, musician, philosopher, and physician
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Alfred Russel Wallace: naturalist, geographer, anthropologist and biologist, proposed a theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection
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Antonio Damasio: behavioral neurologist and neuroscientist whose main interest is the neurobiology of the mind,
especially neural systems which serve memory, language, emotion, and decision-making
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Arnold Gesell: psychologist, pediatrician and pioneer in the field of child development who developed a set of
Normal Milestones for children (Physical Development Theory)
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Arthur Stanley Eddington: an astrophysicist who wrote a number of articles explaining Albert Einstein's theory of
General Relativity to the English-speaking world
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Burrhus Frederic Skinner: highly influential American psychologist, author, inventor, advocate for social reform
and poet
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Carl Gustav Jung: Swiss psychiatrist and founder of Analytical Psychology
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Charles Darwin: an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all species of life have evolved over
time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection
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Charlotte Buhler: German psychologist considered to be one of the founders of Developmental Psychology
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Claudio Naranjo: anthropologist and psychiatrist who is noted for his inter-disciplinary work with mind-altering
substances as well as the Enneagram of Personality and Gestalt Psychotherapy
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David Bohm: American physicist who made significant contributions in the fields of theoretical physics,
philosophy and neuropsychology
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David Steindl-Rast: studied art, anthropology, and psychology before becoming a Benectine monk
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Don Campbell: classical musician and former music critic, recognized authority on the transformative power of
music, listening, and the Mozart Effect
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Edgar Morin: a French writer and philosopher, studied Information Theory, Cybernetics, and Systems Theory and
opened a new field of research into Systems Complexity
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Edward Goldsmith: environmentalist and eco-philosopher
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Erich Fromm: psychoanalyst and social psychologist and also an important representative of 20th century Humanism
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Ernest Hilgard: psychologist famous for his research on hypnosis
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Ernst Mayr: one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists, also a renowned taxonomist, tropical
explorer, ornithologist, historian of science, and naturalist
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Erwin Schroedinger: physicist who achieved fame for his contributions to Quantum Mechanics, especially the
Schroedinger Equation
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Francis Huxley: anthropologist who undertook major field work among a tribe of Brazilian Indians, exploring
17,000 miles of the Amazon basin and studying its native populations
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Francisco Varela: biologist and philosopher, most well-known for introducing the concept of Autopoiesis to
biology and extending the Santiago Theory of Cognition, and introducing Neurophenomenology to Neuroscience
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Franz Alexander: was a psychoanalytic pioneer, his productivity ranged creatively over fields as diverse as
psychosomatic medicine, sociology, philosophy, criminology, and the visual arts
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Fred Hoyle: astronomer, notable for a number of his theories that run counter to current astronomical opinion,
was best known for his contributions to the theory of Stellar Nucleosynthesis
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Fritjof Capra: a physicist who has done research on Particle Physics and Systems Theory
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George Fink: researcher in neuroendocrinology and psychopharmacology
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Gregory Bateson: anthropologist, social scientist, linguist and cybernetician
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Guillaume Duchenne: French neurologist who investigated the difference between True and False Smiles
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Hannah Arendt: political theorist whos work was influential in the area of Social and Political Aspects of
Aggression
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Hans-Georg Gadamer: philosoper most remembered for his work on philosophical hermeneutics, proposing that the way
humans understand and live in the world can best be characterized as a process of constant interpretation
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Harald Hoffding: philosopher who along with Juan Lopez Ibor and others, called attention to the cinesthetic and
vivencial aspects of feeling alive and was the first to use the concept of Vital Feelings
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Heinz von Foerster: scientist combining physics and philosophy who worked in the field of Cybernetics and was
essential for the development of the theory of Radical Constructivism
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Helen Flanders Dunbar: psychoanalyst who specialized in Psychosomatic Medicine
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Henri Atlan: biologist and professor of biophysics, interested in applying Cybernetics and information theory to
living organisms, he has an international reputation for his research on the self-organization of cells and
Artificial Intelligence.
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Hubert Reeves: astrophysicist and populariser of science
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Humberto Maturana: biologist, philosophist, cognitive scientist and a founder of Radical Constructivism, together
with his student Francisco Varela, he invented the concept of Autopoiesis and extended the Santiago Theory of
Cognition
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Ilya Prigogine: Belgian physicist and Nobel Laureate chemist noted for his work on Dissipative Structures,
Complex Systems, Chaos and Irreversibility
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Immanuel Kant: philosopher who is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe and of the
late Age of Enlightenment
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Irenaeus Eibl-Eibesfeldt: founder of the field of Human Ethology
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Jacques Monod: biologist and esteemed writer on the philosophy of science, saw evolution as a strict sequence of chance (random Mutations)
and necessity (of survival).
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Jakob von Uexkull: biologist who had important achievements in the fields of muscular physiology and the
cybernetics of life, also a pioneer of semiotic biology, or Biosemiotics
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James Hillman: psychologist, considered to be one of the most original of the 20th century
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James Jeans: physicist, astronomer and mathematician who made important contributions in many areas of physics,
including Quantum Theory, the theory of radiation and stellar evolution
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James Lovelock: independent scientist, author, researcher and environmentalist, most famous for proposing and
popularizing the Gaia Hypothesis
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Jean Piaget: philosopher, natural scientist and developmental psychologist, known for his work studying children,
his theory of Cognitive Development and for his epistemological view called Genetic Epistemology
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John Bowlby: developmental psychologist in the psychoanalytic tradition, notable for his pioneering work in
Attachment Theory
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John Eccles: neurophysiologist who won the Nobel Prize his work on the synapse, he was key to a number of
important developments in Neuroscience
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John Watson: psychologist who founded a branch of psychology called Behaviourism, after doing research on animal
behavior
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Jose Ortega y Gasset: philosopher, whose writings range over history, politics, aesthetics, art criticism, the
history of philosophy, metaphysics, epistemology and ethics
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Juan Lopez Ibor: psychologist and former President-Elect of the World Psychiatric Association, who along with
Harald Hoffding and others, called attention to the cinesthetic and Vivencial aspects of feeling alive and also
to the importance of Corporeality, not only a living experience (the Vivencia of the body), but also a
phenomenological reality
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Karl Popper: philosopher and professor at the London School of Economics, counted among the most influential
philosophers of science of the 20th century, and also wrote extensively on social and political philosophy, the
problem of determinism and free will
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Karl Pribram: professor of psychology and neurosurgeon, performed pioneering work on the cerebral cortex, and is
best known for his development of the Holonomic Brain Model of Cognitive Function
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Ken Wilber: author who has drawn on a variety of disciplines including psychology, sociology, philosophy,
mysticism, postmodernism, science and systems theory to formulate what he characterizes as an Integral Theory of
Consciousness
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Konrad Lorenz: zoologist, animal psychologist, and ornithologist, often regarded as one of the founders of modern
ethology, influential in the development of the Theory of Instinct
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Luis Campusano: astronomer whose current research interests include the formation of quasars, the large scale
structure of the universe, X-ray galaxy clusters, and gravitational lensing
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Lynn Margulis: biologist who developed Symbiotic Theory and went on to develop the idea of the Biosphere as a
sort of self-organizing superorganism - this became known as the Gaia Hypothesis
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Margaret Mead: cultural anthropologist, her work through anthropological studies concluded that there is no
evidence of the existence of universal human motivations
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Martin Buber: renowned Jewish philosopher. His best known work is the short philosophical essay Ich und Du (I and
Thou)
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Matthew ScottProfessor of Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, is known for his work in
developmental biology and genetics, particularly in areas of cell-cell signalling and homeobox genes and for
discovering the roles of developmental regulators in cancer
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Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Phenomenological philosopher, who focused on the phenomenological and corporeal
foundations of perception
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Max Planck: physicist, considered to be the founder of Quantum Mechanics
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Michael Foucault: philosopher and historian, best known for his critical studies of various social institutions,
most notably psychiatry, medicine, the human sciences, and the prison system, as well as his work on the history
of sexuality
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Murray Gell-Mann: physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary
particles, also proposed the Quark Model in it's modern form
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Patrick O'FarrellPatrick O'Farrell: directs the research in a lab that examines diverse and fundamental
biological questions using the fruitfly, Drosophila, as an experimental system
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Paul Davies: physicist, writer and broadcaster, whose research interests are in the fields of
cosmology, quantum field theory, and astrobiology
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Paul Ekman: psychologist and pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions
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Paul MacLeanPaul MacLean: physician who made significant contributions through his research to the fields of
physiology, psychiatry, and brain research
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Philipp Lersch: philosopher and psychologist whose writings included many humanistic themes, he
developed Kinesics as part of the psychology of expression
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Pierre Teilhard de Chardin: Jesuit priest, paleontologist and philosopher, who
conceived ideas such as the Omega Point and the Noosphere
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Pierre Weil: psychologist, writer and educator, he promoted a new transdisciplinary approach to education for
peace, combining methods from the East and the West
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Ralph Abraham: mathematician involved in the development of the theory of dynamical systems, and a consultant on
chaos theory and its applications in numerous fields (medical physiology, ecology, mathematical economics,
psychotherapy, etc)
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Rene Descartes: philosopher, mathematician, scientist, and writer, he has been dubbed the Father of Modern
Philosophy
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Richard Schultes: may be considered the father of modern ethnobotany, extensively studied the native uses of
Entheogenic or hallucinogenic plants, especially in the Amazon
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Robert White: Reader in Developmental Biology at the University of Cambridge, who main work in on gene expression
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Roger Garaudy: a French author and philosopher, and former communist who has converted to Islam
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Rupert Sheldrake: biologist and author who has researched topics such as animal and plant development and
behaviour, telepathy, perception and metaphysics and created the concept of Morphic Fields
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Ruth Benedict: anthropologist, her studies concluded that there is no evidence of the existence of universal
human motivations (Instincts)
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Sean Carroll: biologist, who studies the evolution of cis-regulation in the context of biological development,
using Drosophila as a model system
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Sigmund Freud: neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology, best known for his
theories of the Unconscious Mind and the defense mechanism of Sexual Repression
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Stanley Krippner: psychologist who spent the last several decades investigating the field of human consciousness,
conducting research in such areas as dreams, hypnosis, shamanism, and disassociation
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Stephen DiNardo: Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology, worked on gene expression
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Terence McKenna: writer, philosopher, and Ethnobotanist, noted for his many speculations on the use of
psychedelic, plant-based hallucinogens, and subjects ranging from shamanism, the development of human
consciousness, and novelty theory
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Theodor Adorno: sociologist, philosopher, pianist, musicologist, and composer whose work influential in the area
of Anthropological Aspects and Etiologies of Aggression
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Werner Heisenberg: physicist and one of the founders of Quantum Mechanics, and acknowledged to be one of the most
important physicists of the twentieth century
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Wilhelm Dilthey: historian, psychologist, sociologist, student of Hermeneutics, and philosopher, who made
important contributions to a methodology of human science
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Wilhelm Reich: Austrian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, best known for his studies on the link between Human
Sexuality and Neuroses
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William McDougall: psychologist who particularly important in the development of the theory of instinct and of
social psychology
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Wolfgang Pauli: theoretical physicist noted for his work on Spin Theory, and in particular the discovery
of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which underpins the structure of matter, and (as such) the whole of chemistry
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The Definiton of Biodanza: A system of affective integration, organic renovation and relearning of the original
life functions, based on Vivencias induced by dance, singing and encounter situations in a group
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The Theoretical Model: developed by Rolando Toro, provides a theoretical framework to the practice of Biodanza
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The Vital Unconscious: hypothesis that there is a biological mind that not only spans the individual or a certain
species but also participates as a guiding force in the ocean of life
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The Biocentric Principle: the key foundation of the theory of Biodanza
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The Vivencia: the lived instant or the present moment lived fully
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Physical Modelling of the UniversePhysical Modelling of the Universe: Isaac Newton (Classical Mechanics), Albert
Einstein (Relativity), Max Born, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schroedinger, Wolfgang Pauli, Paul Dirac (Quantum
Mechanics), and David Bohm (Implicate and Explicate Order)
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Evolution of Evolutionary Theory: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (Adaptation/ Transmutation), Charles Darwin , Alfred
Russel Wallace (Natural Selection), Jacques Monod, Hugo de Vries (Mutation Theory), Sean B Carroll (Evolutionary
Developmental Biology) and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (Law of Complexity/ Consciousness)
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Franco Fornari: psychiatrist, his teaching and research changed the history of psychology, breaking the
traditional separation between psychology and psychoanalysis, and between experimental and clinical
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Juan Rof Carballo: physician, writer, father of Psychosomatic Medicine, menber of the Spanish Royal Academy
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Rene Spitz: psychoanalyst, one of the first researchers who used child observation, pointing out the effects of
maternal and emotional deprivation
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Psychological Aspects of Biodanza: the influence of Psychology on the theory of Biodanza
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